What causes the 1979 rice riot in Monrovia, Liberia What are the Coursework

Rumative Coping Strategies essays

Rumative Coping Strategies papers The diary survey I decided to do was Early immature sexual orientation contrasts in the utilization of ruminative and diverting adapting techniques by Patricia C. Broderick. Her speculation was that rumination is showed to a more noteworthy degree by young ladies than by young men preceding the beginning of youth. The free factor in this investigation is the fourth and fifth grade young men and young ladies, which means their real sexual orientation is the autonomous variable. The needy variable is the overview of two vignette situations for three unique classes, being school, family, and companion gatherings, totaling six situations. The example was four gatherings of fourth and fifth graders each gathering comprised of an alternate school. Research has indicated that ladies experience more burdensome states of mind than men. This burdensome dispositions and clutters can be experienced from youthfulness right to adulthood. The most well-known ages for melancholy to show up are somewhere in the range of thirteen and eighteen. The explanation behind this test is to explain why despondency happens during pre-adulthood since it isn't comprehended what might make this occur. Anyway it is realized that early occasions in a people life can prompt sadness sometime in the not too distant future. The overview or test that was given tried for the distinctive adapting procedures utilized by these young people. The two primary systems searched for during this test were Rumination and Distraction. Rumination is, as indicated by the archive composed by Broderick, a steady, passionate centered adapting style imagined as an example of practices and musings that center the people consideration around their enthusiastic state and restrain any activities that may divert the person from their mind-set. Broderick characterizes interruption as, practices or musings that take the people mind off the issue and decrease the effect of antagonistic state of mind on data preparing and memory. The study was given to the example of youngsters as... <!

Devastating Quotes from Susan Sontags Diaries

Devastating Quotes from Susan Sontags Diaries When able to stomach the voyeuristic flavors of reading a published diary, there are full bodied excerpts that appeal beyond the consumption of someones private life. This is how I felt while reading Susan Sontags diaries: complicit and enthralled, with a guilt of ingesting something that was never meant for me. Yet the most reassuring and sensitive parts of  Reborn  might be that the universal anxieties of adolescence and identity are articulated by one of Americas greatest philosophers.   Age 15 “Ideas disturb the levelness of life.” “It is humiliation with every slip-of-the-tongue, sleepless nights spent rehearsing tomorrows conversation, and torturing oneself for yesterday’s…” “Let me note all the sickening waste of today, that I shall not be easy with myself and compromise my tomorrows.” Age 16 “I don’t give a damn for anyone’s aggregation of facts, except in that it be a reflection [of] basic sensitivity which I do demand.” “College is safety, because it is the easy, secure thing to do.” “Can understand the whole thing. It would be so easy to succumb: A white collar job in the dayâ€"clerical-typist bookkeeper asst manager at Berlands. / Bar at night. / Lonelyâ€"wants sex / Anyone acceptable of the right sex, who is not ugly and will love + be faithful to me…” “We have all the sufficient strength to support the pain of others.” Age 23 “In marriage, every desire becomes a decision.” “Interpretation is the medium by which we justify context.” Age 24 “In marriage, I have suffered a certain loss of personalityâ€"at first the loss was pleasant, easy; now it aches and stirs up my general disposition to be malcontented with a new fierceness.” “The movie is the novel in motion; it is potentially the least rationalistic, the most subjectivized medium.” “One of the main (social) functions of a journal or diary is precisely to be read furtively by other people, the people (like parents + lovers) about whom one has been cruelly honest only in the journal. Will Harriet [Sontag’s Lover] ever read this? “Writing. It’s corrupting to write with intent to moralize, to elevate people’s moral standards.” “Nothing prevents me from being a writer except laziness. A good writer.” Age 25 “I water my mind with books.” “Harriet said something very striking yesterday, apropos of Sam W.’s enormous library, that collecting books in that way was ‘like marrying someone in order to sleep with him.’” Age 26 “I only meant to be kind. But now I have become a fraud, and I feel imposed on, oppressed by him.” “Important to become less interesting. To talk less, repeat more, save thinking for writing.” “How does one know one’s own feelings? / I don’t think I know any of mine now. I’m too busy propping them up and taking them together.” “I must help I. to write. And I write, too, it will stop this uselessness of just sitting and staring at her begging her to love me again.” Age 27 “It hurts yourself to love. It’s like giving yourself to be flayed and knowing that at any moment the other person may just walk off with your skin.” “The emotional life is a complex sewer system. / Have to shit every day or it gets blocked up.” “I do not believe she will come back to me. Those who go away never come back.”

The Civil War Was The Emancipation Of Enslaved Populations

The most significant outcome of the Civil War was the emancipation of enslaved populations. Discuss some the ways they entered free society and their treatment both good and bad. The American Civil War started in 1861 and it was a war fought within the United States of America between the Union, which was the North, and the Confederacy, which was the South. The war ended in 1865, which was only a 4-year war, however it was one of the most destructive events in American history costing approximately 620,000 soldiers. People died from accidents, starvation and a lot died of diseases in the field. Many still debate why the Civil War started, and there were many causes such as economic problems, political, and social, however as James Mcpherson wrote The Civil War started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in the territories that had not yet become states. When Abraham Lincoln won election in 1860 as the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories, seven slave states in the deep South seceded and formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America. The incoming Lincoln administration and the majority of the Northern people refused to recognize the legitimacy of secession. They feared that it would discredit democracy and create a fatal precedent that would eventually fragment the no-longer United States into several small,Show MoreRelatedThe Glory Field By Walter Dean Myers1265 Words   |  6 PagesSadie Hosler 2 hour 11/09/15 Slavery to Segregation; Civil War to Civil Rights The Glory Field is a novel by Walter Dean Myers that follows the Lewis family through racism and segregation. It starts with Muhammad Bilal being captured from Africa in 1753. It follows through to see young Lizzy escape from slavery on the live Oaks plantation in South Carolina in 1864. After the Civil War, the family is given is plot of land they refer to as the â€Å"Glory Field†, which represents hope for the family duringRead MoreThe Great Emancipator : Abraham Lincoln894 Words   |  4 Pagescountry through one of the worst wars in the history of America, he is most known for abolishing slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation, thus giving him the nickname of â€Å"The Great Emancipator.† There are a great amount of debates on whether Lincoln was worthy of this title, one reason being that the Emancipation Declaration was limited and did not abolish slavery, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery, which would come later in January of 1865. As the Civil War was going on, Lincoln needed to gatherRead MoreThe Great Emancipator By President Abraham Lincoln947 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice, President Abraham Lincoln led the country through the Civil War, he is most known as being responsible for the abolishing of slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation, thus giving him the nickname of â€Å"The Great Emancipator.† Technically speaking, the Emancipation Declaration did not actually abolish slavery in itself, rather it led to the 13th Amendment, which did end slavery in January of 1865. At brief glance, the Emancipation Proclamation’s sole purpose appears to be a humanitarian effortRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation : The End Of Slavery1313 Words   |  6 PagesOn January 1, 1863, sitting President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, a document decreeing the end of slavery throughout the United States of America. While symbolic at the time (the self-proclaimed and effectively sovereign Confederate State s of America had no intention of recognizing a law issued by a political body with which it was currently at war, and whose authority it did not recognize) it was undebatably a momentous and powerful decision that would forever change theRead More Racism - After The Civil War Essay615 Words   |  3 Pages The conclusion of the Civil War in favor of the north was supposed to mean an end to slavery and equal rights for the former slaves. Although laws and amendments were passed to uphold this assumption, the United States Government fell short. The thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments were proposed and passed within five years of the Civil War’s conclusion. These amendments were to create equality throughout the United States, especially in the south where slavery had been most abundantRead MoreThe Social Issue Of African American Population And How They Endured Being Enslaved991 Words   |  4 PagesChoice of Social Issue The social issue that I will be addressing is the African American population and how they endured being enslaved also detailing the discrimination and segregation parameters that also came along with this atrocity of enslavement. Although this social issue wasn’t one that was addressed in the course, I believe it is an essential matter that has helped shaped America and the individuals who reside here both past and present. This act has shaped the economy, the policies,Read MoreThe War Of The Civil War777 Words   |  4 PagesThe widespread violence that turned into the Civil War began with the election of 1860. Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 without a single vote from the states below the Ohio River. South Carolina was the first state to respond to Lincoln’s election. On December 20, 1680, South Carolina seceded from the Union. South Carolina was the first of the â€Å"Original Seven† who seceded from the Union, including Mississippi, Florida, Alaba ma, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. This became known as â€Å"secessionRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War of the United States was a major and influential event in the history of our country. The Civil War shaped our nation and how we think of liberty in general. Such a big event in our antiquity must have been caused by a series of dominant events. However, a War of this size has many effects to go along with it. The most common effect thought of is the freedom of slaves, however, the Civil War was not just a war fought for freedom. One major cause of the Civil War was the issue of slaveryRead MoreReparations For Slavery During The Civil War1712 Words   |  7 Pagestopic among scholars and regular people for years now. During the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War many freed slaves were promised 40 acres of land, as a form of reparations.(Staff www.The Root.com) However, this became an empty promise and nothing was enforced to help African Americans become socially, economically, or politically leveled with white Americans since. African Americans were enslaved to work for big corporations and never received any form of wages after the abolishment of slaveryRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War divided the United States with its’ origin in the struggle to preserve the Union from the Confederacy’s succession. A war to maintain the United States quickly progressed to battles fought because of the controversial beliefs on slavery in the North and Sou th. In the coming of the Civil War there were questions and confusion that many Americans were faced with in the words of the South’s succession. During the war, families were torn due to the men lost to the Union or Confederate causes

Memory Retention Of The Presentation Information And Those...

We found that there was no significant difference between the memory scores of those who thought they had to teach the information and those who were told nothing. Yet, a consistent trend was found with both dependent variables. Although the trend does not fall within the confidence band, it can be considered a consistent trend because it is constant for all four different conditions. Refer to Figure 2, the memory scores were consistently lower when white noise was present, regardless of which condition the participants were in. In addition, the anxiety levels were slightly higher when white noise was present regardless of active or passive condition, refer to Figure 3. Our null hypothesis states that there will be no significant difference in memory retention of the presentation information between those who are told they must teach the presentation right after and those who are not told anything, and there will be no difference in anxiety levels when noise is introduced into the cl assroom. However, our study tested the hypothesis that the potential of having to speak publicly would enhance memory retention. Yet, our results proved otherwise. Opposite to what we hypothesized, the memory for all four groups remained relatively consistent with one another with respect to the active and passive conditions. Anxiety did not have a major impact in boosting memory performance, even when white noise was in the background. We found that from the perspective of the student,Show MoreRelatedUsing visual aids in teaching English8287 Words   |  34 Pagesimportance of using visual aids in teaching English Nowadays, whereever you go around the world you can find a certain people who can communicate with English Language. Because of globalization and other reasons English is going to be the language of the world. Apart from the use of English as their mother tongue in some countries there are a number of countries who can teach English as Second Language or Foreign Language. Hence, in order to use English Language more effectively and efficientlyRead MorePysch Exam Chapter 811814 Words   |  48 PagesPsychologists use the term _________ to refer to the ability to store and retrieve information over time. The process of acquiring and using knowledge is called ________. a. learning; perception b. memory; perception c. learning; cognition d. memory; cognition Answer: d; Moderate 2. Psychologists use the term _________ to refer to the ability to store and retrieve information over time. a. learning b. memory c. cognition d. perception Answer: c; Easy 3. The process of acquiring and usingRead MoreAge Differences in Eyewitness Testimony8653 Words   |  35 Pages6-year-olds did not differ in their ability to answer objective questions or identify the confederate, but 6-year-olds were more suggestible than adults and recalled less about the event. Compared to the older age groups, the 3-year-olds answered fewer objective questions correctly, recalled little about what happened, and identified the confederate less frequently. In addition, they were the most suggestible. The experiment extends our knowledge of childrens ability to provide accurate eyewitness reportsRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 PagesABSTRACT In this qualitative research study, we sought to better understand the experiences of adult learners in adult education centers. We conducted eight focus groups with 104 adult education students from 25 adult learning centers. Five groups were made up of English-speaking ABE students; learner s in the three ESL groups spoke Spanish. We used an iterative content analysis method. Strategic Analysis of Representations Approach (SARA), to explore data gathered from the tocus groups. Six themesRead MoreA Description of Formula SAE14320 Words   |  58 Pagescollege experiences. How strongly does Formula SAE touch those involved in it? Ask Alan Gruner, team captain of the Michigan State team in 1995, and now a systems analyst with an e-business company in California. Alan was so affected by his Formula SAE experience that he sat down and wrote the equivalent of an English term paper on getting started in Formula SAE, then posted his work on the web as a resource for all those future engineers who accept the challenge to get involved. As a result of hisRead MoreImportance Of Relationship Marketing32123 Words   |  129 PagesAcknowledgement The satiation and euphoric that accompany the successful completion of task, would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible. After all, the success is the epitome of hard work, severance, undeterred, zeal, stead fast determination and most of all encouraging guidance. So with immense gratitude, I acknowledge all those whose guidance and encouragement served as a â€Å"beacon light† and crowned our efforts with success. I sincerely thank Mr.Sudhir.G.Angur, HonorableRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesmanagers and staff it is critical to have experienced it first hand. Training Experience Through courses and practical experience a cross cultural consultant will have knowledge of training techniques. This will include communication skills, presentation methods, the use of activities and utilization of different technology and media. Living Abroad Experience of living abroad, mixing with different cultures, speaking different languages and working in foreign offices is vital for any cross culturalRead MoreSignificance of Emotional Intelligence at Work Place7210 Words   |  29 PagesSignificance of Emotional Intelligence at Work Place Some argue that EQ is more important in the work place than IQ.  Ã‚   In the work place, there are constant interactions which are occurring among the people who work there. While some of these interactions are positive, others are negative. The key aspect, managers and company leaders must understand is that over time, each of these interactions will have a positive or negative effect on the company as a whole. The effect that these interactionsRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesto advances in the treatment of depression and other anxiety disorders, such as panic, had little impact on the research and treatment of OCD. However, by the late 1980s and early 1990s, behavioral researchers like Paul Salkovskis and Jack Rachman were advocating a more integrative theory and treatment of OCD, an approach that amalgamated the behavioral treatment of OCD with Beck’s (1976) cognitive theory of emotional disorders. From these two theoretical perspectives on clinical disorders, a new

Pay It Forward Paper Free Essays

You are thinking that this class Is going to be a waste of time, I know this because I was an DEED-100 student last semester. I also thought that it was a waste of time but the class has actually showed me some great habits for studying and managing time that I will use for the rest of my life. I am an eighteen year old who works at Innards and also has to find time with my friends and family, as well as playing acquitted for the USB team. We will write a custom essay sample on Pay It Forward Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I thought it would be difficult and a lot f pressure but with DEED-100 1 learned how to manage my time better so I could do great in college, have a job, and do hobbies in the meantime. I came Into college with a high school mentality. I soon figured out a week later that I cannot be In high school any more I have to treat this like it is college, Like It was my future. In high school I went to bed late and would wake up, go to school, and do my homework while my teacher Instructed during class. In college I cannot do that anymore, I have to do my homework before class and turn It In right at the beginning of class with most of my professors. I also can no longer study the night before or not study at all. The material is a lot more difficult to where I have to actually study in order to achieve. My mentality had changed when I was introduced to DEED-100. Not only does it teach you better time management but it also helps you with how you are going to take on studying for exams and taking notes in class. Ye noticed that taking notes in college is a lot more complex and different than taking notes in high school. In high school you write down everything the teacher rights down whether you understand it or not. In college the professor throws you bone, (key terms you must know!! ) and It Is your responsibility to write It down, study It, and know It the day of the exam. Managing homework and studying along with a Job and other priorities can be tough but I came up with a syste m to manage it effectively. My job does a great job at going around my schedule but sometimes it can still be hard. I just look at my work schedule for every week and I write what times I’m going to study before and after work. Then I write down what times I will spend with my friends and family along with doing hobbies such as Judith. This way my time schedule is nice and organized and I don’t have to worry whether or not I have enough time. It is following your schedule that is the hardest part I really had to commit to it. Time is money so you might as well manage your time better so you can save more money. This semester I had made a goal for myself, as a new college student I wanted to have at least a B average for my class grades. I knew that It would be a hard task coming In as a freshman barely knowing anything about college and how It was going to be. But now that the snow Is falling and winter break Is coming up and my first master is coming to a completion and I feel pretty confident about that B average habits to the DEED-100 class and its instructor as well as my success as a college student thus far. She was very helpful in all of my learning. Not only my professors are helpful though, there are other resources that have been quite useful for my success so far too. Whenever I am not too sure about a W-130 paper I can always count on the writing lab here on campus to help me out with my grammar and punctuation errors. Or when I am about to have a math exam and I am not too sure on how to graph a polynomial, or factor a quadratic equation, the math lab here on amp’s is open almost every day of the week. These resources have guided me to success all semester. If you give DEED-100 a chance like I did you will soon find out that it can aid you in your success as a college student. Not only will you learn to have effective study and note taking skills but your college life will be a lot less stressful and difficult with your time management skills. If taken on correctly DEED-100 will drive you to success. Sincerely. How to cite Pay It Forward Paper, Papers

Natural Capitalism Essay Example

Natural Capitalism Essay Natural Capitalism by Amory Lovins (www. natcap. org) Capital It’s the accumulated wealth in the form of investments, factories, and equipment. An economy requires four types of capitalism to function: 1. Human capital – labour intelligence, culture and organization 2. Financial capital – cash investments, and monetary instruments 3. Manufactured capital – infrastructure, machines, tools and factories 4. Natural capital – resources, living systems ecosystem services The first 3 forms of capital are used to transform natural capital into the stuff of our daily lives: cars, highways, cities, bridges, houses, food, medicine, hospitals and schools. Capitalism is a financially profitable, non-sustainable aberration in human development and does not conform to its own accounting principles. It liquidates capital and calls it income and it neglects to assign any value to the largest stocks of capital it employs – the natural resources and living systems, as well as the social and cultural systems that are the basis of human capital. This deficiency in business operation can’t be corrected by simply assigning monetary values to natural capital for 3 reasons: 1. Many of the services we receive from living systems have no known substitutes at any price. Ex; oxygen production by green plants. 2. Valuating natural capital is a difficult and imprecise exercise. -Biological services flowing directly into society from the stock of natural capital are estimated at $36 trillion vs the annual gross world product estimated at $39 trillion. 3. Machines are unable to provide a substitute for human intelligence, knowledge, wisdom, organizational abilities and culture. The sum value of human capital is 3x greater than all the financial manufactured capital reflected on global balance sheets. Conventional Capitalism: In order to bring about any comprehensive economic and ecological change we must understand the basis of present economic thinking. The Industrial Revolution brought about this primary economic ideology summ arized below: * Economic progress can best occur in free-market systems of production and distribution where reinvested profits make labour and capital increasingly productive. Competitive advantage is gained when bigger, more efficient plants manufacture more products for sale to expanding markets. * Growth in total output (GDP) maximizes human well-being. * Any resource shortages that do occur will elicit the development of substitutes. * Concerns for a healthy environment are important but must be balanced against the requirements of economic growth, if a high standard of living is to be maintained. * Free enterprise and market forces will allocate people and resources to their highest and best uses. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Capitalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Capitalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Capitalism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Natural Capitalism: Four central strategies of Natural Capitalism are: 1. Radical Resource Productivity: It’s the cornerstone of natural capitalism because using resources more effectively has three significant benefits: * Slows resource depletion at one end of the value chain. * Lowers pollution at the other end * Provides a basis to increase world-wide employment with meaningful jobs. The result is lower costs for business and society. Radical resource productivity strategies can nearly halt the degradation of the biosphere, make it more profitable to employ people and thus safeguard against the loss of vital living system and social cohesion. 2. Biomimicry: It’s reducing the wasteful throughput of materials (eliminating the very idea of waste) by redesigning industrial systems on biological lines that change the nature of industrial processes and materials. Materials are constantly reused in a continuous closed cycle thereby eliminating any waste product or toxicity. . Service and Flow Economy: It’s an economy that is based on a FLOW of economic SERVICES that can better protect the ecosystem services upon which it depends. It’s a fundamental change in the relationship between producer and consumer, a shift from and economy of goods and purchases to one of service and flow. This concept entails a new perception of value, a shift from the acquisition of goods as a measure of affluence to an econ omy where the continuous receipt of quality, utility, and performance promotes well-being. This concept offers incentive to put into practice the first two innovation of natural capitalism: 1. Restructuring the economy to focus on relationships that better meet customers’ changing value needs 2. Offer rewards automatically for both resource productivity and closed-loop cycles of material usage. 4. Investing in Natural Capital: It’s the re-investment in sustaining, restoring, and expanding stocks of natural capital, so that the biosphere can produce more abundant ecosystem services and natural resources.

Lambert Surname Meaning and Family History

Lambert Surname Meaning and Family History The Lambert surname is a Low German form of the name Landberht or Old English Landbeorht, meaning bright land or light of the land, derived  from the Germanic elements land meaning land and berht, meaning bright or famous. The surname may also have derived as an occupational name for lamb-herd. Lambert is the 27th most common last name in France. Surname Origin: French, English, Dutch, German Alternate Surname Spellings: LAMBERTH, LAMBETH, LAMBUTH, LAMBER, LAMBERTE, LAMBURT, LAMBRETH, LUMBERT, LAMBRECHT, LAMBERTIS Famous People with the Surname LAMBERT Miranda Lambert  -  American singer and songwriterPaul Lambert  - Scottish football (soccer) playerAdam Lambert  - American singerAlbert Edward Lambert - British architectAylmer Bourke Lambert  - British botanistJohann Heinrich Lambert   - Swiss mathematician and physicistJoseph-Franà §ois Lambert  - French adventurer and diplomatPercy E. Lambert - race car driver; first person to drive a car 100 miles in an hourJordan Wheat Lambert - American chemist; helped to invent Listerine ®Rachel Lambert Bunny Mellon - American  horticulturalist,  gardener, and philanthropist; granddaughter of Jordan Wheat Lambert Where is the LAMBERTSurname Most Common? According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Lambert surname is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 294th most common surname. There are greater numbers of Lamberts based on percentage of population, however, in countries with a sizable French-speaking population, including France (where the name ranks 20th), Monaco (23rd), Belgium (26th), Bermuda (31st), Luxembourg (34th), and Canada (134th). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicate the Lambert surname is especially common in northern France, especially in the regions of Champagne-Ardenne and Franche-Comte along the border with Belgium. It is also especially common in the Wallonie region of Belgium and in Quebec, Canada.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname LAMBERT French Surname Meanings and OriginsDoes your last name have origins in France? Learn about the various origins of French surnames and explore the meanings of some of the most common French last names. How to Research French AncestryLearn about the various types of genealogical records available for researching ancestors in France and how to access them, plus how to locate where in France your ancestors originated. The Lambert DNA ProjectThis project seeks to establish relationships among individuals with the Lambert surname- and variants such as Lambard, Lamberth, Lambeth, Lambreth, Lamburt, Lombard and Lumbert- on a worldwide basis, using Y-DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy research. Lambert Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Lambert family crest or coat of arms for the Lambert surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. LAMBERT  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Lambert  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Lambert query. FamilySearch - LAMBERT GenealogyExplore over 2.5 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Lambert surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - LAMBERT Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Lambert. GeneaNet - Lambert  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Lambert surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Lambert Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Lambert surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Hash libraries for C Programmers

Hash libraries for C Programmers This page lists a collection of libraries that will help you in programming in C. Libraries here are open source and used to help you store data, without having to roll your own linked list etc data structures. uthash Developed by Troy D. Hanson, any C structure can be stored in a hash table using uthash. Just include #include uthash.h then add a UT_hash_handle to the structure and choose one or more fields in your structure to act as the key. Then use HASH_ADD_INT, HASH_FIND_INT and macros to store, retrieve or delete items from the hash table. It uses int, string and binary keys. Judy Judy is a C library that implements a sparse dynamic array. Judy arrays are declared simply with a null pointer and consume  memory only when populated. They can grow to use all available memory if desired. Judys key benefits are scalability, high performance, and memory efficiency. It can be used for dynamically sized arrays, associative arrays or a simple-to-use interface that requires no rework for expansion or contraction and can replace many common data structures, such as arrays, sparse arrays, hash tables, B-trees, binary trees, linear lists, skiplists, other sort and search algorithms, and counting functions. SGLIB SGLIB is short for  Simple Generic Library and consists of a single header file sglib.h that provides generic implementation of most common algorithms for arrays, lists, sorted lists and red-black trees. The library is generic and it does not define its own data structures. Rather it acts on existing user-defined data structures via a generic interface. It also does not allocate or deallocate any memory and does not depend on any particular memory management. All algorithms are implemented in form of macros parametrized by the type of data structure and comparator function (or comparator macro). Several further generic parameters such as the name of next field for linked lists may be required for some algorithms and data structures.

How convincing is Porters model of national competitive advantage in Essay - 3

How convincing is Porters model of national competitive advantage in explaining the characteristics and performance of the business systems of major economies - Essay Example There are some critical factors within this model such as demand and factor conditions, firm’s strategy, competition and structure, chance factors, supporting and related industries, and government intervention. Porter’s model of national competitiveness is regarded as an appropriate framework for evaluating firm’s competitive position. On the contrary, this model is not considered as a suitable framework from economist’s perspective. It is stated as a model that helps to determine competitive position of a company rather than a country or nation. This study would reveal real world scenarios where Porters model was beneficial enough to analyze competitive position of nations. The study has been divided into various subsections where theoretical model will be elaborated along with its application on nations. Michael Porter designed a new model to analyze the reason behind firms belonging to specific nations happen to design better strategies in comparison to other firms. Porter took into consideration ten countries such as UK, Germany, USA, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Singapore and Switzerland (Davies and Ellis, 2000). The main objective for designing this model was to identify why some regions possesses competitive advantage compared to rest. Diamond model was designed by Michael Porter was to predict sector’s or country’s competitive advantage. This particular model has been elaborated in figure1. As per figure1, this model helps in designing a structure required for achieving competitive position in a sector. The factors of this model play a significant role in context of achieving competitiveness for long-term (Smit, 2010). All the factors represented within diamond model are determinants of sectors. These factors encompass skills and assets which are important for competitive advantage of an industry. It even consists of information that provides guidance

Final Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Reflection - Essay Example The summary of â€Å"Is Facebook making us Lonely† helped us a lot in understanding audience awareness. The article helped us how to write keeping the dispositions of audience towards the writer. The authors discussed the topic in an excellent way keeping their audience in mind. The summary of the article also informed us about the details involved in responding to audience. The article itself served as a role model for us as to how to communicate with audience using facts and rhetoric together. The subject of the article was very interesting and authors were successful in keeping the interests of the readers at all times. The summary of the article also helped us to learn about summarizing and paraphrasing. It helped us understand how to read and summarize a particular work without ignoring every small detail. I personally learned how to concisely summarize a long article in a few pages. This course has also helped me recognize the importance of rhetorical stance especially through the class discussions. In the class discussions we learnt how to maintain a clear stance throughout the discussion without changing sides. It was more about building a whole case around a central thesis. This helped my writing a lot because previously there was less coherence in my work. I used to discuss many things in a single paper and did not focus too much on a central theme or purpose. Class discussion made me understand how important it is to think about a purpose when writing about a topic. Research paper probably helped me the most as it made my research skills better. I learned how to use search engines and other sources to get the relevant information in a less amount of time. There is loads of information now at our disposal but it is very difficult to extract the right kind of information in a short time. I believe that research paper writing helped me research in a better way. When I was doing the paper I had to analyze other people’s work and

Turnitin Sucks :: plagiarism police

Turnitin Sucks It's with a great deal of interest that I've been following the most recent uproar in the blogoshpere about Turnitin.com and about whether or not higher ed is taking the proverbial low ground in the ethical battles by the increasing use of Turnitin. It is my opinion and always has been that there is something fundamentally wrong with the whole process of requiring students to turn in their work to the plagiarism police. I think this graphic from the Honk Kong Polytechnic University is especially humorous. I didn't have their permission to show it on my site so I created my own sign at the Ronald McHummer site. About 2-3 years ago we had the conversation on campus about whether we should license (or is it subscribe to) the Turnitin service. Of course there were some people who were in favor of it, but the majority was put off by the same things that have always bothered me about the deal. The arguments at that time against using Turnitin appear to still be the main arguments. In no particular order, they include: "I am currently taking a course that requires me to submit my papers to Turnitin. My objection to Turnitin is that they are not only infringing my copyright, but that they are doing so for commercial profit. If they want to make money from storing my paper in a database, they should pay me for a license." (EricSmith comment on Slashdot) "Why are we violating authorial integrity to teach students that violating authorial integrity is wrong?" (by Bob, first comment) "can shift attention away from teaching students how to avoid plagiarism in the first place. In â€Å"Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices,† the Council of Writing Program Administrators urges teachers to â€Å"use plagiarism detection services cautiously,† for they should â€Å"never be used to justify the avoidance of responsible teaching methods.† "I find it more than a bit ironic, that this company works with WebCT and Blackboard, who argue that one should use Course Managment software to protect student's privacy (alah FERPA) when turnitin.com fundamentally violates student's rights." (Dave, Sept. 7, 18:05) "It's just like music composition. People with similar music education backgrounds end up producing similar music. That's just how it is. Are you seriously going to argue that the standard educational texts HAVEN'T been mined for every bloody original idea they contain a thousand times over?" (read the whole comment by Cadallin)

Of Morality and Spirituality Essay

The moral sacred Philippines started from a dream, and now that it continues to progress it can be one good evidence that as long as someone believes in an idea, it can be possible. As long as its aim is for the goodness of the citizens, it can be a reality. This concept does not want to create a world of perfection but rather a world of morality and spirituality. That world is where we can clearly distinguish the right ones from the bad. It is where we can not only think about ourselves but also the community, the government, and the nation. This dream can all be possible if we just go and believe that the land where we stand can be a better habitat of mankind. From Genesis 1:27, God created mankind in His own image. This verse proves that each of us is spiritual at heart. We just have to go and find the path through our hearts. We are created in His likeness which gives us the realization that all living things have something good in the inside. If we believe, make something to make this work, the moral sacred Philippines will make sense. A. WRITING AS A SOCIAL ACT The event connects with how writing can be a social act. In the said event, one does not only think about himself but also for the people around him. As for writing, a writer does not only write for him or for him to understand but also for his readers and audience. You write alone, but you always write for others. Readers matter. Once a writer sets his or her thoughts to any medium, whether paper, blog, status update, there is the potential for audience interaction. Ideas and creativity are created outside ourselves. Writers can never be more creative without the experiences and thoughts the people have. They continue to interact with people. Writing is a social act. Writers choose to see the beauty and brilliance of the world around them. Writing is nothing without the world and mind that surrounds them. B. WRITING AS A MORAL ACT Morality and spirituality is what the event focuses on. As for writing, writers do not only write everything that flows from their thinking, he must be careful. Something that anyone who writes words of any kind would do well to remember. Words have their moral consequences. The responsibility is particularly great for writers who deal with spiritual issues. Every word they write leaves its mark upon their soul and upon the souls of those who read their work. Their words may become sacraments, visible signs of an invisible grace, or they may turn to poison and ashes. It may signify the abyss or nothing at all. Writers must strive against mediocrity in one’s work, aiming always higher for lucidity of thought and beauty of expression with still being careful with the words they use. Every piece they make has an effect in this world. They are part of our moral conversation as a society. They weigh in. The creation of literature worthy not only its high artistic calling but of his stature as a creature created in the image and likeness of God.

Case Study Black Box Corporation - 1300 Words

The legal name of the corporation I am analyzing is Black Box Corporation. This corporation is generally known as the Black Box and it is headquartered in Lawrence, Pennsylvania. According to their annual report, â€Å"[t]hey participate in the worldwide communication network infrastructure and managed services market† (2016). The company operates internationally â€Å"consisting of four operating segments which are (i) North American Products, (ii) North American Sevices, (iii) International Products and (iv) International Services† (Black Box Corp, 2016). The corporation has multiple subsidiaries, two of which include Midwest Communications Technologies Inc and Delaney Telecom Inc. Midwest Communications Technologies was founded in 2014 and is†¦show more content†¦The letter also indicates their transformation roadmap consisting or four phases: Stability, Optimize, Expand, and Transform. Also indicated are their recent achievements where they praise their tea m â€Å"for finishing Fiscal 2016 with strong cash flow† (2016). Item 7 contains the management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and the results of operations of Black Box Corporation. It works in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. It begins with the breakdown of the company and its forty year history and indicates that their product revenues â€Å"are generated from sales to end-users, collaboration with key channel partners and system integrators and through a global distribution network† (Black Box Corp, 2016). Their average order size is less than one thousand dollars, yet they continue to build a strong reputation. â€Å"The company also serves government clients whose revenue is not as dependent on the overall economic environment as commercial clients but are subject to governmental budgetary constraints† (2016). The letter also indicates the company’s backlog of services and that th ey expect to complete most of it within the next twelve months. The company section of the MDA also contains a small breakdown of their increases and decreases in profit and expensesShow MoreRelatedUniversities Can Best Be Viewed As Corporations894 Words   |  4 PagesUniversities can best be viewed as corporations. Corporations are simply businesses. The only reason for a business to exist is to make a profit. In order to make a profit, universities sell a variety of degrees to students. Students desire a degree because they â€Å"want the credentials that will help them get ahead† (Edmundson). In some cases, students â€Å"want that certificate that will give them access to Wall Street, or entrance into law or medical or business school† (Edmundson). The students’ desireRead MoreTeletech Case Study1231 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CASE STUDIES IN FINANCE CASE 3: TELETECH CORPORATION 2005 Q1. Teletech has two divisions- Telecommunications and Products Services. For the purpose of investment and performance analysis at the firm, there is an applied hurdle rate of 9.30% for both divisions. Based on the firms’ WACC, this rate represents the cost of capital, and essentially, the opportunity cost of money. Teletech Corporation uses this hurdle rate to assess the performance of its two divisions; however there is argumentRead MoreEnron and Parmalat973 Words   |  4 Pages Managua, Nicaragua Sept 28th, 2013 ENRON Background In 1985 Kenneth Lay merged his company, Houston Natural Gas, with Nebraska’s InterNorth to create the Enron; a company to be the biggest natural gass corporation to exist in the U.S. During the 1980’s, under the presidency of Ronald Raegan, there was a considerable lack of regulations regarding the energy markets, thus allowing the company to buy and sell contracts for a delivery at some time in the future. 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Laverne Cox, a transgender woman, has had a predominant role in the Netflix series â€Å"Orange is the New Black† for the past 3 seasons and has also helped spread awareness about the trans community. With all of these stories being seen by more and more people, there have been some that haven’t been very accepting of the transgender community. Transphobia canRead MoreGet Out Film Analysis1220 Words   |  5 PagesGet Out written and directed by Jordan Peele was a box office hit that reached over 250 million dollars worldwide. This cinema utilizes the use of allegory, satire and symbolism to create an inspiring horror film. The use of these literary techniques deconstructs physiological and sociology effects that systematic racism has on the the black incarcerated males. Mass incarceration of black men, parallels to the slavery. The meaning behind this film was to create a notion of being aware of what isRead MoreEssay on Parmalat Case Study1261 Words   |  6 Pagespointing at what they call the Medellà ­n Cartel connection—i.e., the purchase of overpriced Colombian soccer players, and other extravagances. While accumulating losses, and with debts to the banks, Parmalat started to build a network of offshore mail-box companies, which were used to conceal losses, through a mirror-game which made them appear as assets or liquidity, while the company started to issue bonds in order to collect money. The security for such bonds was provided by the alleged liquidityRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Analysis of Starbucks Corporation4830 Words   |  20 PagesFarrell 2010) In this essay, besides demonstrating the concept of strategic marketing, I will take Starbucks Corporation, United States for a case to define its position in this turbulent chain coffee shop market. Then, identify the â€Å"customized mass production† and evaluate how the organization affect and communicate the market. Next, the strategic importance of Starbucks Corporation, United States will be analyzed by various tools such as demand chain approach, SWOT and TOWS, PESTLE, pricing policiesRead MoreDescription Of A Corporate Design Essay2966 Words   |  12 Pagescreated in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern. Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors. They communicate their mission, objectives, needs, and product information -- with users, clients, or members; with suppliers, distributors, service providers; with the surrounding community and the media; with financial institutions and other corporations, and with the state. They create, acquire, modify, organize and distribute large amountsRead MoreSix Sigma5947 Words   |  24 Pagesone of the fundamental issues currently discussed in the ï ¬ eld of organizational learning; how do organizations get â€Å"from here to there†, in other words, what is the dynamics of the processes of learning and how progressive learning is achieved. A case study of a few Finnish companies is made and a procedural implementation model is applied. Findings – The ï ¬ ndings suggest that the learning process is characterized by measurement, detection and correction of errors, and cost reduction. In six sigma implemen tation

Abraham Lincolns 1838 Springfield Lyceum Address

More than 25 years before Abraham Lincoln would deliver his legendary Gettysburg Address, the 28-year-old novice politician delivered a lecture before a gathering of young men and women in his newly adopted hometown of Springfield, Illinois. On January 27, 1838, a Saturday night in the middle of winter, Lincoln spoke on what sounds like a fairly generic topic, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions. Yet Lincoln, a little-known lawyer serving as a state representative, indicated his ambition by delivering a substantial and timely  speech. Prompted by the murder of an abolitionist printer in Illinois two months earlier, Lincoln spoke about issues of great national importance, touching on slavery, mob violence, and the future of the nation itself. The speech, which has become known as the Lyceum Address, was published in a local newspaper within two weeks. It was Lincolns earliest published speech. The circumstances of its writing, delivery, and reception, provide a fascinating glimpse at how  Lincoln viewed the United States, and American politics, decades before he would lead the nation during the Civil War. Background of Abraham Lincolns Lyceum Address The American Lyceum Movement began when Josiah Holbrook, a teacher and amateur scientist, founded a volunteer educational organization in his town of Milbury, Massachusetts in 1826. Holbrooks idea caught on, and other towns in New England formed groups where local people could give lectures and debate ideas. By the mid-1830s more than 3,000 lyceums had been formed from New England to the South, and even as far west as Illinois. Josiah Holbrook traveled from Massachusetts to speak at the first lyceum organized in central Illinois, in the town of Jacksonville, in 1831. The organization which hosted Lincolns lecture in 1838, the Springfield Young Mens Lyceum, had probably been founded in 1835. It first held its meetings in a local schoolhouse, and by 1838 had moved its meeting place to a Baptist church. The lyceum meetings in Springfield were usually held on Saturday evenings. And while the membership comprised young men, females were invited to the meetings, which were intended to be both educational and social. The topic of Lincolns address, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions, seems like a typical subject for a lyceum address. But a shocking event that occurred less than three months earlier, and only about 85 miles from Springfield, surely inspired Lincoln. The Murder of Elijah Lovejoy Elijah Lovejoy was a New England abolitionist who settled in St. Louis and began publishing a stridently anti-slavery newspaper in the mid-1830s. He was essentially chased out of town in the summer of 1837, and crossed the Mississippi River and set up shop in Alton, Illinois. Though Illinois was a free state, Lovejoy soon found himself under attack again. And on November 7, 1837, a pro-slavery mob raided a warehouse where Lovejoy had stored his printing press. The mob wanted to destroy the printing press, and during a small riot the building was set on fire and Elijah Lovejoy was shot five times. He died within an hour. Elijah Lovejoys murder shocked the entire nation. Stories about his murder at the hands of a mob appeared in major cities. An abolitionist meeting held in New York City in December 1837 to mourn for Lovejoy was reported in newspapers throughout the East. Abraham Lincolns neighbors in Springfield, only 85 miles away from the site of Lovejoys murder, certainly would have been shocked by the outburst of mob violence in their own state. Lincoln Discussed Mob Violence In His Speech It is perhaps no surprise that when Abraham Lincoln spoke to the Young Mens Lyceum of Springfield that winter he made mention of mob violence in America. What may seem surprising is that Lincoln did not refer directly to Lovejoy, instead mentioning acts of mob violence generally: Accounts of outrages committed by mobs form the every-day news of the times. They have pervaded the country from New England to Louisiana; they are neither peculiar to the eternal snows of the former nor the burning suns of the latter; they are not the creature of climate, neither are they confined to the slave-holding or the non-slave-holding states. Alike they spring up among the pleasure-hunting masters of Southern slaves, and the order-loving citizens of the land of steady habits. Whatever, then, their cause may be, it is common to the whole country. The likely reason Lincoln did not mention the mobs murder of Elijah Lovejoy is simply because there was no need to bring it up. Anyone listening to Lincoln that night was entirely aware of the incident. And Lincoln saw fit to place the shocking act in a broader, national, context. Lincoln Expressed His Thoughts on the Future of America After noting the menace, and very real threat, of mob rule, Lincoln began to talk of laws, and how it is the duty of citizens to obey the law, even if they believe the law is unjust. By doing that, Lincoln was keeping himself apart from abolitionists like Lovejoy, who openly advocated violating the laws pertaining to slavery. And Lincoln did make a point of emphatically stating: I do mean to say that although bad laws, if they exist, should be repealed as soon as possible, still they continue in force, for the sake of example they should be religiously observed. Lincoln then turned his attention to what he believed would be a grave danger to America: a leader of great ambition who would attain power and corrupt the system. Lincoln expressed a fear that an Alexander, a Caesar, or a Napoleon would rise in America. In speaking about this hypothetical monstrous leader, essentially an American dictator, Lincoln wrote lines which would be quoted often by those analyzing the speech in future years: It thirsts and burns for distinction; and if possible, it will have it, whether at the expense of emancipating slaves or enslaving freemen. Is it unreasonable then, to expect that some man possessed of the loftiest genius, coupled with ambition sufficient to push it to its utmost stretch, will at some time spring up among us? It is remarkable, that Lincoln used the phrase emancipating slaves nearly 25 years before he would, from the White House, issue the Emancipation Proclamation. And some modern analysts have interpreted the Springfield Lyceum Address as Lincoln analyzing himself and what kind of leader he might be. What is apparent from the 1838 Lyceum Address is that Lincoln was ambitious. When given the opportunity to address a local group, he chose to comment on matters of national importance. And while the writing may not show the graceful and concise style he would later develop, it does demonstrate that he was a confident writer and speaker, even in his 20s. And it is noteworthy that some of the themes Lincoln spoke about, a few weeks before he turned 29, are the very same themes that would be discussed 20 years later, during the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates that began his rise to national prominence.

Discrimination For Being A Felon - 956 Words

Discrimination for being a felon causes homelessness A problem I have noticed in my community is homelessness. A portion of the homeless is due to being unable to rent a house because of having a criminal history. According to the Pierce County Homeless Point-in-Time Report there were 1526 cases of homelessness reported in the county this does not count the induvial people it is measured by head of households. 73% of those cases reported that the head of house hold had a criminal history. That is a large amount of people, including whole families that are homeless over this matter. These people are living in shelters or with friends and family because they are unable to rent their own place. This is all because they have a criminal record, and now the record is being used to judge and discriminate against. One would think this would fall under the fair housing act. Sadly you couldn’t be more wrong in fact Robert Wise said â€Å"To give felons the protection of the Fair Housing Act protects them from the consequences of their own conduct. No such protection is presently afforded to anyone by the fair Housing Act†. And he couldn’t be more wrong it’s not protection against the consequence of the action, its giving someone an even playing field, it’s allowing a person to obtain a home for their family, and have dignity. And let me add some more madness to this already un-just issue, most of these people have jobs, and can afford to ren t and pay utilities, but yet they findShow MoreRelated Employment Discrimination Against Black Felons: The New Jim Crow Era1242 Words   |  5 PagesOne example of the new Jim Crow Era is Sonya Jennings. Sonya is a felon as well as an African American mother. She was given an eight years probation after being arrested for possession of narcotics. Since Sonya is now tagged as a felon, she does not have the right to vote, she cannot receive public welfare, and she faces job discrimination (Alexander). The Jim Crow system has been planned in America today, legalizing discrimination for people with past criminal activity’s and records (Alexander)Read MoreOppression Is The Root Of Many Conflicts Today s Society993 Words   |  4 Pages Oppression is at the root of many conflicts in today’s society. I refer to such conflicts as racism, ageism, sexism, discrimination and so forth. It exists within anything that involves power. For example, oppression is greater towards the African American population, especially when it comes to the authority of law enforcement or even dating all the way back to slavery. Everyone has experienced oppression in their lives before whether they realized it or not. Oppression is what makes life hardRead MoreThe s Actions Were On Substantive Concerns As A Result Of Consequences Legal Formalism Created Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesindividually signing orders to give back voting rights to individuals the VA Supreme Court did not stand in his way of doing so because his actions were within the law. I think Gov. McAuliffe’ decision to individually restore the voting rights of felons is illegitimate because his actions did not fall under every part of legal-rational authority that he does have. Under legal-rational authority, obedience to laws are expected because the laws are seen as legitimate, administrative leaders in theRead MoreThe Death Of A Felon s Proper Reintegration Into Society1588 Words   |  7 Pages A practice that has been used in the United States of America since its conception, disenfranchisement allows for a state to remove the rights of a convicted criminal, more commonly a felon, upon release from the penitentiary. Most of the time these rights are limited to the right to bear arms, as well as the right to vote and run for public office, because they are considered dangerous criminals. For centuries now, the American people have justified this practice through the use of fearmongeringRead MoreAnalysis Of Orange Is The New Black 1134 Words   |   5 Pagesscene from the show â€Å"Orange is the New Black† (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtAaXM1GAgw). This scene displays an interaction between two prisoners and friends, Poussey and Taystee. Poussey is furious with Taystee for ending up back in prison after being released. Taystee attempts to explain herself by claiming that prison is easier than attempting to live a normal life after prison. Poussey smacks Taystee and angrily states that her mom passed away while she was in prison and she wasn’t there to sayRead MoreBan The Box Or Fair Chance Policy Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagescurrently in the works for ending the discrimination of ex-convicts and ex-felons when seeking employment due to their criminal history. This policy gives previously and recently released ex-convicts and ex-felons the chance to achieve a long lasting stable employment. It gives the recently increased for the employers consider a job candidate’s qualifications first, without the s tigma of a criminal record. This policy touch on the bases on the individuals being released from correctional institutionsRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 Pagesfor whites, when they existed at all. In addition, blacks were systematically denied the right to vote in most of the rural South through the selective application of literacy tests and other racially motivated criteria (PBS). Despite Jim Crow laws being abolished in 1964 when President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, some have argued that today’s mass incarceration is the new Jim Crow. Michelle Alexander, an associate professor of law at Ohio State University, outlines her argumentRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pagescampaign depicting drug-related crime with African-American faces. Meanwhile political figures capitalizing on the War on Drugs by creating such laws as the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. M ichelle Alexander also touch on how individual being released from prison as felons and many African-American men can’t achieve the proper rehabilitation needed to reenter society. The purpose of this paper is to review Michelle Alexander’s explanation of mass incarceration of African-American men due to policies thatRead MoreMichelle Alexander Mass Incarceration1601 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding Stanford Law School, where she was an associate professor of law and directed the Civil Rights Clinics. Alexander published the book  The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In it, she argues that systemic racial discrimination in the  United States  has resumed following the  Civil Rights Movements gains; the resumption is embedded in the US  War on Drugs  and other governmental policies and is having devastating social consequences. She considers the scope and impact ofRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pagesmonopolize on the campaign depicting drug-related crime with African-American faces. Meanwhile, political figures capitalizing on the War on Drugs by creating such laws as the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Michelle Alexander also touches on how individual being released from prison as felonss and many African-American men can’t achieve the proper rehabilitation needed to reenter society. The purpose of this paper is to review Michelle Alexander’s explanation of mass incarceration of African-American men due

Apple Is Expanding Its Distribution Channels Free Essays

Apple is Expanding its Distribution Channels Cliff Edwards of Business Week harped on conflicts with existing retailers such as CompUSA and Sears, quoting CompUSA’s Lawrence N. Mondry, who declared, â€Å"When you choose to compete with your retailers, clearly that’s not a comfortable situation. † Mondry could have been describing the experience Mac buyers had when they stepped into most CompUSA stores. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Is Expanding Its Distribution Channels or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was even worse at Sears. Realizing that they were being held over a barrel by big retailers that were used to calling the shots with computer OEMs and frequently provided a horrible purchasing environment for Apple products, the company did what it had to and took control of distribution. Apple retail stores would give the company the opportunity to â€Å"leapfrog† past dependence on other retailers. Daniel T. Niles of Lehman Brothers also saw the possibilities, telling MacWorld, â€Å"Apple has the ability to start attracting new customers with the launch of their higher-end retail store strategy. You can’t mention the surge in Mac sales without touching on the â€Å"Halo Effect† of the iPod. Apple made the iTunes/iPod combination available for Windows users. That move created several new distribution opportunities for Apple. First, it gave Windows users the opportunity to try Apple products without having to take the frightening plunge into the world of Macintosh. Apple finally had ac cess to a vast pool of Windows users it had previously been unable to touch. Second, it opened up a secondary market for iPod accessories and tie-ins. Had the iPod only been available for Macintosh users, a secondary market would have developed, but it would have been much, much smaller. Apple would never have been able to strike deals with auto manufacturers, for example. The connector on the bottom of every iPod (except the shuffle) became the point of entry to an incredible array of third-party products, and as that market grew, the iPod rapidly became the de facto standard portable multimedia device. Third, it gave the iTunes Store a tremendous head start. While a digital music store is handy in itself, none of the previously-existing stores had made much of a dent in consumer behavior. They didn’t operate particularly well with Windows-based MP3 players, and they didn’t offer broad enough music libraries. Apple struck deals with all the major labels and created a store that provided an easy, addictingly-convenient interface and seamless integration with the iPod. As the universe of purchased iPods grew, so did the market for the iTunes Store. The integration of iPod and iTunes also created a gestalt effect as Apple moved beyond music. Just as the Apple retail stores bypassed middlemen, the iTunes/iPod combination created a direct link between Apple and its customers. As Apple adds more capabilities to the iTunes Store, and does the same with the iPod, the two should continue to energize each other, provided Apple rolls out the right kinds of features. In 2001 Apple Computer has been taken a decision to open a series of retail stores that would display their entire line of Apple computer products, software and peripherals. Part of the decision, Apple’s declining share of the computer market. Now the company has opened over 130 stores, including in Japan, Canada and the UK. It’s latest annual report states that they will continue capital expenditures for retail operations, indicating that they have a long-term strategy for opening more stores. Apple Computer Store Products Hardware: It includes, iMac, Mac Mini, iBook, Mac Book, Mac Book Pro, iPod, Apple Cinema Displays, Airport Cards, iSight, Apple accessories etc. These are purchased from the Apple Store Online or by the phone. Apple Software: It includes iLife, iWork application bundles, Mac OS X, DVD Studio Pro, FinalCut Pro, and other miscellaneous Apple software titles. Third Party Software: It is made for Mac OS X, such as productivity software, design software, utilities, games much everything new that has been released for Mac OS X. Select Third Party Accessories: In this Apple ranges starts from Apple notebooks and iPod sleeves to speakers, printers, scanners, memory upgrades, and digital cameras. In Apple Store there are two types, those are: Retail store Online store The Apple Store, Regent Street, London, UK, is part of a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc. , dealing in computers and consumer electronics. As of April 2008, Apple has opened 209 stores, including 181 in 37 US states, 15 in the UK (14 in England, 1 in Scotland), seven in Japan, and 4 in Canada. Recently, Apple opened its first store in continental Europe, in Rome in Italy. In 2008, Apple will be opening 3 Australian stores, 1 located in Melbourne and 2 in Sydney. This store is the first Apple Store in Europe. It opened in autumn 2004 Will Apple’s stainless steel architecture have to take a background to the historic buildings of other countries? In Japan, Apple uses English almost exclusively. But other countries may not embrace English, preferring to see their own language used in store signage. Apple will have to balance the cost of constructing a store, recruiting a suitable staff, and operating the store against the potential revenues, which in turns depends upon the registered Macintosh community, median income, currency trends and general retailing environment–just like at home! Apple’s centralized and extremely consumer oriented approach to mobile software distribution is revolutionary My argument is that it’s revolutionary in the same way the iPod and iTunes were revolutionary. Basically, the formula is similar to why Apple succeeded w/ the iPod and iTunes despite competition from manufacturers like Sony, ancient models for music distribution, and technology inept publishers Apple’s Solution: take the carriers out of the picture and give the developers a low cost or zero cost distribution channel Jobs began Apple’s turnaround with the 2001 introduction of the iPod, which defined and then dominated the portable-music-player market—and which became central to the resuscitation of Apple’s computer line. The Mac, once derided as a toy, today is the best personal computer on the planet, period. And the iPhone is the best smart phone. Nothing else comes close. As of the third quarter of 2008, Apple’s iPhone was outselling the Research in MotionBlackBerry, even though the iPhone had been in the market for only 15 months. When measured by revenues, Apple has become the world’s third-largest mobile-phone maker, behind Nokia and Samsung. All this is happening just as mobile devices are poised to become the most important computing platform. same or similar products. Strategic management, horizontal integration is a theory of ownership and control. It is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell one type of product in numerous markets. To get this market coverage, several small subsidiary companies are created. Each markets the product to a different market segment or to a different geographical area. This is sometimes referred to as the horizontal integration of marketing. The horizontal integration of production is where a firm has plants in several locations producing similar products. Apple is leader on the MP3 player market. Dynamic approach: history of a firm can explain its leader position. In my example, Apple innovates with its couple iPod+iTunes and keeps the leadership since Some points of its strategy are astonishing because they look similar as Apple strategy for PC. Apple doesn’t want to licence its own DRM, so if you want buy a song on internet for your iPod you have to go to the iTunesMuciStore and to listen this song directly on a MP3 player you must have an iPod (some consumers lodge a complaint against Apple). So, Apple does the same thing for its MP3 player than the computers about twenty years ago. Short term Apple wins but the market increases and we can’t know how this leadership will progress and if Apple would change its strategy. The theory of games can help us to understand this choice and the risks. Installed firms are Stackelberg leader on the market, the potential entrance adapt its quantity. (Bain, J. (1968) Apple Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries design, manufacture, and market personal computers, portable digital music players, and mobile communication devices, and sell various related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In addition, it sells various third-party Macintosh, iPod, and iPhone compatible products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals through its online and retail stores, and digital content through the iTunes Store. The company sells its products to consumer, small and mid-sized business, education, enterprise, government, and creative customers. As of December 27, 2008, it had 251 retail stores. Apple Inc. , formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. , was founded in 1976. The company is headquartered in Cupertino, California Company Background Apple Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively â€Å"Apple† or the â€Å"Company†) design, manufacture, and market personal computers, portable digital music players, and mobile communication devices and sell a variety f related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party Macintosh ® (â€Å"Mac†), iPod ® and iPhoneâ„ ¢ compatible products, including application software, pri nters, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals through its online and retail stores, and digital content through the iTunes Store ®. The Company sells to consumer, small and mid-sized business (â€Å"SMB†), education, enterprise, government, and creative customers. The Company’s fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. Unless otherwise stated, all information presented in this Form 10-K is based on the Company’s fiscal calendar. Business Strategy The Company is committed to bringing the best personal computing, portable digital music and mobile communication experience to consumers, students, educators, businesses, and government agencies through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, services, and Internet offerings. The Company’s business strategy leverages its unique ability to design and develop its own operating system, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative industrial design. The Company believes continual investment in research and development is critical to the development and enhancement of innovative products and technologies. In addition to evolving its personal computers and related solutions, the Company continues to capitalize on the convergence of the personal computer, digital consumer electronics and mobile communications by creating and refining innovations, such as the iPod, iPhone, iTunes Store, and Apple TV ®. The Company desires to support a community for the development of third-party products that complement the Company’s offerings through its developer programs. The Company offers various third-party software applications and hardware accessories for Mac ® computers, iPods and iPhones through its retail and online stores, as well as software applications for the iPhone platform through its iTunes ® App Store. The Company’s strategy also includes expanding its distribution network to effectively reach more of its targeted customers and provide them with a high-quality sales and post-sales support experience. Consumer and Small and Mid-Sized Business The Company believes a high-quality buying experience with knowledgeable salespersons who can convey the value of the Company’s products and services greatly enhances its ability to attract and retain customers. The Company sells many of its products and resells certain third-party products in most of its major markets directly to consumers and businesses through its retail and online stores. The Company has also invested in programs to enhance reseller sales, including the Apple Sales Consultant Program, which places Apple employees and contractors at selected third-party reseller locations. The Company believes providing direct contact with its targeted customers is an efficient way to demonstrate the advantages of its Mac computers and other products over those of its competitors. At the end of fiscal 2008, the Company had opened a total of 247 retail stores, including 205 stores in the U. S. and a total of 42 stores internationally. The Company has typically located its stores at high-traffic locations in quality shopping malls and urban shopping districts. A goal of the Company’s retail business is to expand its installed base through sales to customers who currently do not already own the Company’s products. By operating its own stores and locating them in desirable high-traffic locations, the Company is better positioned to control the customer buying experience and attract new customers. The stores are designed to simplify and enhance the presentation and marketing of the Company’s products and related solutions. To that end, retail store configurations have evolved into various sizes in order to accommodate market-specific demands. The stores employ experienced and knowledgeable personnel who provide product advice, service, and training. The stores offer a wide selection of third-party hardware, software, and various other accessory products and peripherals selected to complement the Company’s own products. Business Organization The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. The Company’s reportable operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, and Retail. The Americas, Europe, and Japan reportable segments do not include activities related to the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Europe segment includes European countries as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U. S. and in international markets. Each reportable geographic operating segment and the Retail operating segment provide similar hardware and software products and similar services. Further information regarding the Company’s operating segments may be found in Part II, The Company has signed multi-year agreements with various cellular network carriers authorizing them to distribute and provide cellular network services for iPhone 3G in over 70 countries. These agreements are generally not exclusive with a specific carrier, except in the U. S. , U. K. , France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, and certain other countries. The Company expects to ship iPhone 3G in over 70 countries by the end of calendar year 2008. Markets and Distribution The Company’s customers are primarily in the consumer, SMB, education, enterprise, government, and creative markets. The Company distributes its products through wholesalers, resellers, national and regional retailers, and cataloguers. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales in 2008, 2007, or 2006. The Company also sells many of its products and resells certain third-party products in most of its major markets directly to customers through its own sales force and retail and online stores. Significant portions of the Company’s Mac computers, iPods, iPhones, logic boards, and other assembled products are manufactured by outsourcing partners, primarily in various parts of Asia. A significant concentration of this outsourced manufacturing is currently performed by only a few of the Company’s outsourcing partners, often in single locations. Certain of these outsourcing partners are the sole-sourced suppliers of components and manufacturing outsourcing for many of the Company’s key products, including but not limited to final assembly of substantially all of the Company’s portable Mac computers, iPods, iPhones and most of the Company’s iMacs. Although the Company works closely with its outsourcing partners on manufacturing schedules, the Company’s operating results could be adversely affected if its outsourcing partners were unable to meet their production commitments. The Company’s purchase commitments typically cover its requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. Foreign and Domestic Operations and Geographic Data The U. S. represents the Company’s largest geographic marketplace. Approximately 57% of the Company’s net sales in 2008 came from sales to customers inside the U. S. Final assembly of the Company’s products is currently performed in the Company’s manufacturing facility in Ireland, and by external vendors in California, the Republic of Korea (â€Å"Korea†), the People’s Republic of China (â€Å"China†) and the Czech Republic. Currently, the supply and manufacture of many critical components is performed by sole-sourced third-party vendors in the U. S. , China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Singapore. Sole-sourced third-party vendors in China perform final assembly of substantially all of the Company’s portable products, including MacBook Pro, MacBook, MacBook Air, iPods, iPhone, and most of the Company’s iMacs. Margins on sales of the Company’s products in foreign countries, and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers, can be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations, including tariffs and antidumping penalties. The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions Global markets for personal computers, digital music devices, mobile communication devices, and related peripherals and services are highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. If the Company is unable to compete effectively in these markets, its financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected. The Company competes in global markets that are highly competitive and characterized by aggressive price cutting, with its resulting downward pressure on gross margins, frequent introduction of new products, short product life cycles, evolving industry standards, continual improvement in product price/performance characteristics, rapid adoption of technological and product advancements by competitors, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers. The Company’s ability to compete successfully depends heavily on its ability to ensure a continuing and timely introduction of new innovative products and technologies to the marketplace. The Company believes it is unique in that it designs and develops nearly the entire solution for its personal computers, consumer electronics, and mobile communication devices, including the hardware, operating system, several software applications, and related services. As a result, the Company must make significant investments in research and development and as such, the Company currently holds a significant number of patents and copyrights and has registered and/or has applied to register numerous patents, trademarks and service marks. By contrast, many of the Company’s competitors seek to compete primarily through aggressive pricing and very low cost structures. If the Company is unable to continue to develop and sell innovative new products with attractive margins or if other companies To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, the Company must successfully manage frequent product introductions and transitions. Due to the highly volatile and competitive nature of the personal computer, consumer electronics and mobile communication industries, the Company must continually introduce new products and technologies, enhance existing products, and effectively stimulate customer demand for new and upgraded products. The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors, including timely and successful product development, market acceptance, the Company’s ability to manage the risks associated with new products and production ramp issues, the availability of application software for new products, the effective management of purchase commitments and inventory levels in line with anticipated product demand, the availability of products in appropriate quantities and costs to meet anticipated demand, and the risk that new products may have quality or other defects in the early stages of introduction. Accordingly, the Company cannot determine in advance the ultimate effect of new product introductions and transitions on its financial condition and operating results. The Company’s success depends largely on its ability to attract and retain key personnel. Much of the Company’s future success depends on the continued service and availability of skilled personnel, including its CEO, its executive team and key employees in technical, marketing and staff positions. Experienced personnel in the technology industry are in high demand and competition for their talents is intense, especially in the Silicon Valley, where most of the Company’s key employees are located. The Company has relied on equity awards as one means for recruiting and retaining this highly skilled talent. Accounting regulations requiring the expensing of stock options have resulted in increased stock-based compensation expense, which has caused the Company to reduce the number of stock-based awards issued to employees and could negatively impact the Company’s ability to attract and retain key personnel. Additionally, significant adverse volatility in the Company’s stock price could result in a stock option’s exercise price exceeding the underlying stock’s market value or a significant deterioration in the value of restricted stock units (â€Å"RSUs†) granted, thus lessening the The Company’s business is subject to the risks of international operations. The Company derives a large and growing portion of its revenue and earnings from its international operations. As a result, its financial condition and operating results could be significantly affected by risks associated with international activities, including economic and labor conditions, political instability, tax laws (including U. S. taxes on foreign subsidiaries), and changes in the value of the U. S. dollar versus local currencies. Margins on sales of the Company’s products in foreign countries, and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers, could be materially adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulations, including tariffs and antidumping penalties. The Company’s primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relate to non-U. S. dollar denominated sales in Europe, Japan, Australia, Canada, and certain parts of Asia, as well as non-U. S. dollar denominated operating expenses incurred throughout the world. Weakening of foreign currencies relative to the U. S. dollar will adversely affect the U. S. dollar value of the Company’s foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings, and generally will lead the Company to raise international pricing, potentially reducing demand for the Company’s products. In some circumstances, due to competition or other reasons, the Company may decide not to raise local prices to the full extent of the dollar’s strengthening, or at all, which would adversely affect the U. S. dollar value of the Company’s foreign currency denominated sales and earnings. Conversely, a strengthening of foreign currencies, while generally beneficial to the Company’s foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings, could cause the Company to reduce international pricing, thereby limiting the benefit. As strengthening of foreign currencies may also increase the Company’s cost of product components denominated in those currencies. The Company has used derivative instruments, such as foreign exchange forward and option positions, to hedge certain exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any or more than a portion of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place. The Company’s retail business has required and will continue to require a substantial investment and commitment of resources and is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Through September 27, 2008, the Company had opened 247 retail stores. The Company’s retail stores have required substantial fixed investment in equipment and leasehold improvements, information systems, inventory, and personnel. The Company also has entered into substantial operating lease commitments for retail space with terms ranging from 5 to 20 years, the majority of which are for 10 years. Certain stores have been designed and built to serve as high-profile venues to promote brand awareness and serve as vehicles for corporate sales and marketing activities. Because of their unique design elements, locations and size, these stores require substantially more investment than the Company’s more typical retail stores. Due to the high fixed cost structure associated with the Retail segment, a decline in sales or the closure or poor performance of individual or multiple stores could result in significant lease termination costs, write-offs of equipment and leasehold improvements, and severance costs that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results. The Company’s headquarters are located in Cupertino, California. The Company has a manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland. As of September 27, 2008, the Company leased approximately 4. 2 million square feet of space, primarily in the U. S. and to a lesser extent, in Europe, Japan, Canada, and the Asia Pacific region. The major facility leases are generally for terms of 3 to 20 years and generally provide renewal options for terms of 1 to 5 additional years. Leased space includes approximately 1. 8 million square feet of retail space, a majority of which is in the U. S. Lease terms for reta il space range from 5 to 20 years, the majority of which are for 10 years, and often contain multi-year renewal options. As of September 27, 2008, the Company owned a 367,000 square-foot manufacturing facility in Cork, Ireland that also housed a customer support call center. The Company also owned 805,000 square feet of facilities in Sacramento, California that include warehousing and distribution operations, as well as a customer support call center. In addition, the Company owned approximately 2. 3 million square feet of facilities for research and development and corporate functions in Cupertino, California, including approximately 1. 0 million square feet purchased in 2007 and 2006 for the future development of the Company’s second corporate campus in Cupertino, California, and approximately 107,000 square feet for a data center in Newark, California. Outside the U. S. , the Company owned additional facilities totaling approximately 129,000 square feet as of September 27, 2008. The Company believes its existing facilities and equipment are well maintained and in good operating condition. The Company has invested in internal capacity and strategic relationships with outside manufacturing vendors, and therefore believes it has adequate manufacturing capacity for the foreseeable future. The Company continues to make investments in capital equipment as needed to meet anticipated demand for its products. Globalization, Technology, and E-business are all major factors influencing today’s business world. They influence many of our business related decisions on a daily basis. Some of these decisions could be deciding to use a computer to order a new desk from Singapore or using your cell phone to make a conference call in India. Even Apple’s management functions are not immune to these critical factors. Apple began selling personal computers produced in the garage of one of the founders in 1976. They were incorporated in 1977. Apple’s first important product, the Apple II, personal computer was released in 1977 and by 1982 sales had increased to over $750 million. (Kimmel, 1998). It was clear that globalization played a big part in this success. Globalization is becoming a must have for large organizations to excel above their competition. With that being said globalization has been influential to Apple’s revenue. According to Apple, their â€Å"international sales accounted for 43 percent of the quarter’s revenue† (Dowling, 2005), this is continuing to rise. The rise in revenue is a result of excellent management and planning. Because of the need to go international, Apple created a strategic plan to go forward in the direction of globalization. This type of globalization will involve countries with different needs and different markets. For instance, planning a marketing scheme must involve the different variables that apply for each market. When planning globally, company structure must be taken into consideration. With that being said organization and control go hand in hand Steve Jobs came back once again as the CEO of Apple in 1997. This time he had a new game plan, and Apple started to focus on the digital lifestyle of consumers. This proved to be Apple’s most successful business strategy to date because a once ineffective company now had ruled the computer world. In 2005, Apple announced that it would start using Intel-based chips to run Macintosh computers. In April 2006, Apple announced Boot Camp, which allows users of Intel-based Macs to boot either Mac or Windows OS. This functionality allows users who may need both OSs to own just one machine to run both, albeit not simultaneously How to cite Apple Is Expanding Its Distribution Channels, Papers